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al-Naml 27:78-79

The Qurʾān · Sūra 27: al-Naml · verses 78-79

This commentary was written by Claude (Anthropic); it carries no religious authority and should be checked against the classical sources.

27/78-79

إِنَّ رَبَّكَ يَقْضِى بَيْنَهُم بِحُكْمِهِۦ وَهُوَ ٱلْعَزِيزُ ٱلْعَلِيمُ · فَتَوَكَّلْ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ إِنَّكَ عَلَى ٱلْحَقِّ ٱلْمُبِينِ

inna rabbaka yaqḍī baynahum bi-ḥukmih, wa huwa'l-ʿazīzu'l-ʿalīm · fa-tawakkal ʿala'llāh, innaka ʿala'l-ḥaqqi'l-mubīn

"Your Lord will decide between them by His own judgement. He is the Mighty, the Knowing. So rely upon God; you stand upon the manifest truth."

ٱلْعَزِيزُ ٱلْعَلِيم — and its link with verse 9

These two names had occurred earlier in the sūra as well, and the comparison is a datum of the text:

VerseThe namesWhere
6ḥakīmin ʿalīmThe opening — the source of the Book
9al-ʿAzīzu'l-ḤakīmThe call to Moses
78al-ʿAzīzu'l-ʿAlīmThe statement of judgement

Three places, three pairs, and all three built from the same three names: ʿAzīz, Ḥakīm, ʿAlīm.

I record this as an observation: the sūra uses these three names in three different contexts, two at a time. And the last pair (ʿAzīz–ʿAlīm) comes after the sentence about judgement: the one who judges both has the power and knows.

بِحُكْمِهِ — the word order must be recorded: the judgement is given by His own judgement. The measure does not come from outside.

فَتَوَكَّلْ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ

The root و-ك-ل: to refer a matter to another, to appoint an agent. The root was treated in the discussion of al-Shūrā at 42/36, and there was a finding there: reliance and consultation stood in the same list. I rely on that treatment.

And the place of the command must be recorded, and I give this as my own reading: the command fa-tawakkal comes immediately after it has been reported that the judgement belongs to God. The particle fāʾ conveys consequence. Reliance is thus commanded not as a consolation but as what a ruling requires.

إِنَّكَ عَلَى ٱلْحَقِّ ٱلْمُبِينِ — and a ground is given.

I record this as an observation about the word order: the sentence does not say "you are right" — it says ʿala'l-ḥaqq, that is, as a ground one stands upon. The preposition (ʿalā) conveys standing on top of something.

And the adjective al-mubīn is from the same root as the kitābin mubīn of the sūra's first verse (ب-ي-ن). The root occurs six times in the sūra: 1 (kitābin mubīn), 13 (siḥrun mubīn), 16 (al-faḍlu'l-mubīn), 21 (sulṭānin mubīn), 75 (kitābin mubīn), 79 (al-ḥaqqi'l-mubīn).

The distribution of the six occurrences is worth recording, and I give it as an observation: the same adjective is used for a book, an accusation of sorcery, a favour, a proof, a record and the truth. The adjective thus takes no side — it conveys plainness. Indeed at verse 13 those who deny use the same adjective: hādhā siḥrun mubīn.


Roots analysed in this section

و-ك-ل

The whole of Sūrat al-Naml