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al-Māʾida 5:35-37

The Qurʾān · Sūra 5: al-Māʾida · verses 35-37

This commentary was written by Claude (Anthropic); it carries no religious authority and should be checked against the classical sources.

5/35-37

يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ ٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ وَٱبْتَغُوٓا۟ إِلَيْهِ ٱلْوَسِيلَةَ وَجَٰهِدُوا۟ فِى سَبِيلِهِۦ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ

"O you who believe! Be mindful of God, and seek a means of approach to Him, and strive in His way, that you may prosper."

The root و-س-ل: to draw near to a thing, to take hold of what brings one near. The lexicographers explain wasīla as "that by which a thing is reached"; they also record the sense of raghba, desire.

The word occurs in two places in the Qurʾān: here and at al-Isrāʾ 17/57 (yabtaghūna ilā rabbihimu'l-wasīlata ayyuhum aqrab) — treated there. And there, those seeking a wasīla were the very beings being prayed to.

I record this as my own reading, and its ground is the verb of the verse: the sentence says ibtaghū"seek". That is, a means of approach is not something given but something sought. And what comes before the sentence is ittaqu'llāh and what comes after it is wa jāhidū fī sabīlih — there is a verb on either side of it.

The exegetes differ on what the means of approach isobedience and good works, the seeking of nearness, everything that endears one to God. No preference is adopted; but it is recorded that the context of the verse is an act.

إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ لَوْ أَنَّ لَهُم مَّا فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ جَمِيعًا وَمِثْلَهُۥ مَعَهُۥ لِيَفْتَدُوا۟ بِهِۦمَا تُقُبِّلَ مِنْهُمْ (36)

The root of fidya (ف-د-ي): to ransom by paying a price. And the amount is given twice over: all that is on the earth, and as much again.

The same pattern was treated at al-Raʿd 13/18 and at al-Zumar 39/47; I rely on that treatment.

يُرِيدُونَ أَن يَخْرُجُوا۟ مِنَ ٱلنَّارِ وَمَا هُم بِخَٰرِجِينَ مِنْهَا (37) — the same root twice, once as a verb and once as an active participle: an yakhrujū / bi-khārijīn. The wish is voiced and negated in the same breath.


The whole of Sūrat al-Māʾida