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Hūd 11:113-115

The Qurʾān · Sūra 11: Hūd · verses 113-115

This commentary was written by Claude (Anthropic); it carries no religious authority and should be checked against the classical sources.

11/113-115

وَلَا تَرْكَنُوٓا۟ إِلَى ٱلَّذِينَ ظَلَمُوا۟ فَتَمَسَّكُمُ ٱلنَّارُ

"Do not lean towards those who do wrong, or the Fire will touch you. You have no protectors besides God; and then you will not be helped."

The root ر-ك-ن

Rukn: the corner of a building, its support, its firmest part. Rukūn — to rest on a thing, to lean on it, to incline towards it.

And the word had occurred earlier in this sūra: at 11/80 Lot said aw āwī ilā ruknin shadīd — "or could take shelter with some strong support".

PlaceRukn
11/80A support sought — Lot's wish
11/113A support forbidden — those who do wrong

The two uses stand in the same sūra, thirty-three verses apart, and are from the same root. I record this as my own reading: the sūra first shows a messenger looking for a support, and then says which support cannot be had.

The force of the verb must be recorded: what is forbidden is rukūn — that is, not "to become" but "to lean". The lexicographers explain it as the slightest inclination. And its counterpart is fa-tamassakumu'l-nār — "it will touch you", which is likewise the lightest verb of contact.

I record this as an observation, and it is not binding: the sentence chooses the least at both ends — the lightest inclination, the lightest touch. A measure is met with a measure.

وَأَقِمِ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ طَرَفَىِ ٱلنَّهَارِ وَزُلَفًا مِّنَ ٱلَّيْلِ (114)

ṭarafayi'l-nahār — the two ends of the day; zulafan mina'l-layl — the near hours of the night (ز-ل-ف: to draw near).

The exegetes differ over which prayers these times correspond to; no legal identification is made in this commentary. But similar descriptions of times were treated at al-Isrāʾ 17/78 (aqimi'l-ṣalāta li-dulūki'l-shamsi ilā ghasaqi'l-layl) and Ṭāhā 20/130 (wa sabbiḥ … qabla ṭulūʿi'l-shamsi wa qabla ghurūbihā).

إِنَّ ٱلْحَسَنَٰتِ يُذْهِبْنَ ٱلسَّيِّـَٔاتِ — "Good deeds take away bad ones."

The exegetes differ over the scope of the sentencewhich bad deeds, on what conditions. No legal ruling is issued. But the word order must be recorded: the sentence comes immediately after the command about prayer and immediately after the prohibition of leaning towards those who do wrong. A possibility, that is, is placed after a prohibition.

ذَٰلِكَ ذِكْرَىٰ لِلذَّٰكِرِينَthe same root twice: dhikrā and dhākirīn. A reminder is a reminder to one who remembers.

وَٱصْبِرْ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يُضِيعُ أَجْرَ ٱلْمُحْسِنِينَ (115) — and the command to patience is the name of the thing shown again and again in the narrative section of the sūra. The pattern was treated at Yūsuf 12/90 (innahū man yattaqi wa yaṣbir fa-inna'llāha lā yuḍīʿu ajra'l-muḥsinīn).


The whole of Sūrat Hūd