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al-Ḥijr 15:94-96

The Qurʾān · Sūra 15: al-Ḥijr · verses 94-96

This commentary was written by Claude (Anthropic); it carries no religious authority and should be checked against the classical sources.

15/94-96

فَٱصْدَعْ بِمَا تُؤْمَرُ وَأَعْرِضْ عَنِ ٱلْمُشْرِكِينَ · إِنَّا كَفَيْنَٰكَ ٱلْمُسْتَهْزِءِينَ · ٱلَّذِينَ يَجْعَلُونَ مَعَ ٱللَّهِ إِلَٰهًا ءَاخَرَ ۚ فَسَوْفَ يَعْلَمُونَ

Fa'ṣdaʿ bimā tuʾmaru wa aʿriḍ ʿani'l-mushrikīn · Innā kafaynāka'l-mustahziʾīn · Alladhīna yajʿalūna maʿallāhi ilāhan ākhar · Fa-sawfa yaʿlamūn

"Bring out openly what you are commanded, and turn away from the mushrikūn. · We suffice you against those who mock. · Those who set another god alongside God. Soon they will know."

ٱصْدَعْ — root: ص-د-ع

The word was named at al-Ṭāriq and this verse was pointed to there; I rely on that treatment.

The concrete sense of the root: to split a thing, to crack it. Ṣadʿ — a crack, a fissure. And the splitting of the earth for the plant is recounted in the Qurʾān with this root (al-Ṭāriq 86/12wa'l-arḍi dhāti'l-ṣadʿ).

What was recorded in the section on al-Ṭāriq:

Iṣdaʿ means "split through and come out, appear openly, say it openly" — to split the silence.

I record this as an observation about the vocabulary: the command is not "say" (qul) or "convey" (balligh). The word chosen pictures the splitting of a covering.

A turn within the sūra

And this command meets the third verse of the sūra. This is a link within the sūra that can be verified:

VerseCommandWhat is asked
3Dharhum yaʾkulū wa yatamattaʿūLeave them — do not intervene
94Fa'ṣdaʿ bimā tuʾmarSplit, bring out openly

I record this as my own reading, and its ground is the opposition of the two commands: the sūra opens with a command to "leave" and closes with a command to "declare". The two do not conflict, because their objects differ: in the first what is left is their way of living, in the second what is declared is what has been commanded.

And the second command carries the same line: wa aʿriḍ ʿani'l-mushrikīn — "turn away from them." That is, the word will be said openly, but the dispute will not be kept up. The same balance was treated at al-Aḥqāf 46/35 with the note of balāgh. I rely on that treatment.

إِنَّا كَفَيْنَٰكَ ٱلْمُسْتَهْزِءِينَ

The ك-ف-ي root: to suffice, to take a matter upon oneself and leave no need of another.

The mode of the verb must be recorded: kafaynā — perfect (past). That is, not "we shall suffice you" but "we have sufficed you."

I record this as an observation about the word order: the work is announced as finished before it is yet visible. And at Fāṭir 35/4 the same line was treated: consolation is given not by the removal of the event but by its being set in order. Here consolation is given by the announcing of the outcome in advance.

ٱلْمُسْتَهْزِءِين — and the word joins with the eleventh verse of the sūra: illā kānū bihi yastahziʾūn. The same root, one for past peoples and one for the present addressees. The sūra set up mockery as a fact of history, and at the end gives an undertaking against it.


The whole of Sūrat al-Ḥijr