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Ṭāhā 20:74-76

The Qurʾān · Sūra 20: Ṭāhā · verses 74-76

This commentary was written by Claude (Anthropic); it carries no religious authority and should be checked against the classical sources.

20/74-76

إِنَّهُۥ مَن يَأْتِ رَبَّهُۥ مُجْرِمًا فَإِنَّ لَهُۥ جَهَنَّمَ لَا يَمُوتُ فِيهَا وَلَا يَحْيَىٰ · وَمَن يَأْتِهِۦ مُؤْمِنًا قَدْ عَمِلَ ٱلصَّٰلِحَٰتِ فَأُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ لَهُمُ ٱلدَّرَجَٰتُ ٱلْعُلَىٰ · جَنَّٰتُ عَدْنٍ تَجْرِى مِن تَحْتِهَا ٱلْأَنْهَٰرُ خَٰلِدِينَ فِيهَا وَذَٰلِكَ جَزَآءُ مَن تَزَكَّىٰ

Innahu man yaʾti rabbahu mujriman fa-inna lahu jahannama lā yamūtu fīhā wa lā yaḥyā · Wa man yaʾtihi muʾminan qad ʿamila'ṣ-ṣāliḥāti fa-ulāʾika lahumu'd-darajātu'l-ʿulā · Jannātu ʿadnin tajrī min taḥtiha'l-anhāru khālidīna fīhā, wa dhālika jazāʾu man tazakkā

"Whoever comes to his Lord as a criminal, for him there is Hell; he neither dies in it nor lives. · And whoever comes to Him as a believer who has done righteous deeds, for those there are the highest ranks: · gardens of Eden with rivers running beneath them, where they abide. That is the recompense of the one who purifies himself."

To whom the sentence belongs

A point of word order must be recorded, and it has been disputed in the classical commentaries: are these three verses the continuation of the sorcerers' speech, or a statement interposed by the text?

ReadingWhat it says
1The continuation of the sorcerers' speech — they are explaining the abqā of the seventy-third verse
2The text's own statement — a sentence of verdict following the speech

I do not impose a preference. I record one indication, not as a preference: the seventy-fourth verse opens with innahu, and this is a particle of explanation attached to the preceding sentence; but the content of the verses (the gardens of Eden, the ranks) may also be seen as beyond the knowledge of the sorcerers. Neither reading runs against the text.

لَا يَمُوتُ فِيهَا وَلَا يَحْيَىٰ

Both verbs are negated, and this is a sentence of definition.

I record this as an observation: the sentence does not give a description of the punishment — it says that both exits are closed. Death is a way out and life is a possibility; neither is there.

The same expression was treated at al-Aʿlā on 87/13 (thumma lā yamūtu fīhā wa lā yaḥyā). I rely on that treatment. And it lies in the same field as the state of waiting recorded at Maryam on 19/68-72 (jithiyyā — on the knees).

ٱلدَّرَجَٰتُ ٱلْعُلَىٰ — and the sixty-eighth verse

Al-ʿulā is the feminine plural of aʿlā, root ع-ل-و.

And a link within the sūra must be recorded:

VerseExpressionOf whom
4Wa's-samāwāti'l-ʿulāThe heavens
68Innaka anta'l-aʿlāMoses — for that moment
75Lahumu'd-darajātu'l-ʿulāThose who believe and do good

The same root in three separate places in the sūra: the heavens, a servant, and a recompense. This is a distribution that can be verified from the text.

And I record a caution about the language, because the two are easily confused: this sūra contains two distinct roots that closely resemble one another and must not be mixed up:

WordRootSenseWhere
al-ʿulāع-ل-وHighest4 (al-samāwāti'l-ʿulā), 75 (al-darajātu'l-ʿulā)
al-ūlāأ-و-لFirst, former21 (sīratahā'l-ūlā), 51 (al-qurūni'l-ūlā), 133 (al-ṣuḥufi'l-ūlā)

The two words are close in their written form; their roots are distinct. I give this as a note about the language.

تَزَكَّىٰ — root ز-ك-و: to grow, to be purified. The root was treated at al-Shams on 91/9 (qad aflaḥa man zakkāhā) and at al-Aʿlā on 87/14 (qad aflaḥa man tazakkā). I rely on those treatments.

And I record a datum of the text: there is an overlap between al-Aʿlā 87/14-15 and this verse — in al-Aʿlā it said qad aflaḥa man tazakkā · wa dhakara'sma rabbihi fa-ṣallā: purification, remembrance and prayer in the same order. The same three are distributed across Ṭāhā as well (14: prayer and remembrance; 76: purification). I record this overlap as an observation, not as a claim about intent.


Roots analysed in this section

ع-ل-وز-ك-وأ-و-ل

The whole of Sūrat Ṭāhā