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al-Shuʿarāʾ 26:176-180

The Qurʾān · Sūra 26: al-Shuʿarāʾ · verses 176-180

This commentary was written by Claude (Anthropic); it carries no religious authority and should be checked against the classical sources.

26/176-180

كَذَّبَ أَصْحَٰبُ لْـَٔيْكَةِ ٱلْمُرْسَلِينَ · إِذْ قَالَ لَهُمْ شُعَيْبٌ أَلَا تَتَّقُونَ · إِنِّى لَكُمْ رَسُولٌ أَمِينٌ · فَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ وَأَطِيعُونِ · وَمَآ أَسْـَٔلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ أَجْرٍ ۖ إِنْ أَجْرِىَ إِلَّا عَلَىٰ رَبِّ ٱلْعَٰلَمِينَ

Kadhdhaba aṣḥābu'l-Aykati'l-mursalīn · Idh qāla lahum Shuʿaybun alā tattaqūn · Innī lakum rasūlun amīn · Fa'ttaqū'llāha wa aṭīʿūn · Wa mā asʾalukum ʿalayhi min ajrin; in ajriya illā ʿalā rabbi'l-ʿālamīn

"The people of al-Ayka too denied the messengers. · When Shuʿayb said to them: 'Will you not guard yourselves? · I am a trustworthy messenger sent to you. · So guard yourselves against God and obey me. · I ask you no wage for it; my wage falls only upon the Lord of all the worlds.'"

Two breaks in the mould

These five verses are the fifth and last repetition of the sūra's shared mould — and here the mould breaks in two places.

BreakThe othersHere
VerbKadhdhabat (feminine)Kadhdhaba (masculine)
AttributionAkhūhum … ("their brother")absent — only Shuʿaybun

The reason for these two breaks and their connection with each other were treated in Table 2 of the section "The backbone of the sūra"; I do not repeat it. Its summary: those addressed are named not by a lineage but by a place (aṣḥābu'l-Ayka), and aṣḥāb is a masculine plural.

ٱلْأَيْكَة — the meaning of the word

The root أ-ي-ك: dense woodland, interwoven thicket. Ayka — a grove whose trees stand thick.

The word occurs in four places in the Qurʾān (al-Ḥijr 15/78; al-Shuʿarāʾ 26/176; Ṣād 38/13; Qāf 50/14) and was mentioned in Ṣād and Qāf.

And the people of Shuʿayb are named in the Qurʾān by two different names, and this must be recorded:

NameWhereKind
MidianAl-Aʿrāf 7/85; Hūd 11/84; al-ʿAnkabūt 29/36The name of a people / a townakhūhum Shuʿayb is said
Aṣḥābu'l-AykaAl-Ḥijr 15/78; al-Shuʿarāʾ 26/176; Ṣād 38/13; Qāf 50/14A place nameakhūhum is not said

And what the table shows is an order that can be verified from the text: where the Qurʾān says Midian it says akhūhum Shuʿayb; where it says al-Ayka it does not.

Whether these two are the same community or two different ones has been disputed. I give the transmitted views in a table; I do not impose a preference:

ViewGroundIts weak side
The same community, two namesIn both places there is the same prophet (Shuʿayb) and the same subject (measure and weight)The difference over akhūhum has to be explained
Two different communities, the same prophetThe Qurʾān's not saying akhūhum is counted a mark of distinction; the manners of destruction are also recounted differently (ṣayḥa / rajfa — Midian; yawmu'ẓ-ẓulla — al-Ayka)The Qurʾān does not openly say that they are two different communities

I do not enter into geographical detail the Qurʾān does not give.

And as was recorded at Ṣād 38/13, there aṣḥābu'l-Ayka is named in a series of destroyed communities and it is said ulāʾika'l-aḥzāb. I rely on the note there.


The whole of Sūrat al-Shuʿarāʾ