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Luqmān 31:23-24

The Qurʾān · Sūra 31: Luqmān · verses 23-24

This commentary was written by Claude (Anthropic); it carries no religious authority and should be checked against the classical sources.

31/23-24

وَمَن كَفَرَ فَلَا يَحْزُنكَ كُفْرُهُۥٓ إِلَيْنَا مَرْجِعُهُمْ فَنُنَبِّئُهُم بِمَا عَمِلُوٓا۟ · نُمَتِّعُهُمْ قَلِيلًا ثُمَّ نَضْطَرُّهُمْ إِلَىٰ عَذَابٍ غَلِيظٍ

"Whoever disbelieves, let his disbelief not grieve you. To Us is their return; We shall inform them of what they did… We let them enjoy a little, then We drive them to a heavy punishment."

فَلَا يَحْزُنكَ كُفْرُهُThis limit has been treated at several places in this series, and each time with a different word:

PlaceExpression
Fāṭir 35/8Fa-lā tadhhab nafsuka ʿalayhim ḥasarātdo not wear yourself away
al-Zumar 39/41Wa mā anta ʿalayhim bi-wakīlyou are not a guardian over them
Qāf 50/45Wa mā anta ʿalayhim bi-jabbāryou are not one who compels
al-Aḥqāf 46/35Balāghit is a delivering of the message
Luqmān 31/23Fa-lā yaḥzunka kufruhdo not grieve

Five sūras, five separate words, one limit. This is a weave that can be verified from the text.

And the difference here is worth recording: the others were limiting authority; this verse takes up the feeling. Ḥuzn — a grief that closes inward.

نُمَتِّعُهُمْ قَلِيلًا ثُمَّ نَضْطَرُّهُمْiḍṭirār: root ض-ر-ر, Form VIII: to leave without recourse and so to compel.

The opposition between the two verbs must be recorded: numattiʿuhum (We let them enjoy) — freedom; naḍṭarruhum (We compel them) — the absence of recourse. And between them stands thumma: the particle that marks an interval.


Roots analysed in this section

ض-ر-ر

The whole of Sūrat Luqmān