قُلْ أَرُونِىَ ٱلَّذِينَ أَلْحَقْتُم بِهِۦ شُرَكَآءَ كَلَّا بَلْ هُوَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلْعَزِيزُ ٱلْحَكِيمُ
"Say: 'Show me those you have attached to Him as partners!' No! Rather He is God, the mighty, the wise."
ل-ح-ق — the concrete sense of the root: to catch up from behind, to join, to be appended. Laḥiqa — he caught up, he came alongside. Form IV (alḥaqa): to append, to attach, to add one thing on to another.
The choice of the verb must be recorded, and I give this as my own reading; its support is the picture in the root: the verse does not say "those you associated" (ashraktum) — it says "those you attached", "those you tacked on". That is, the partnership is named not as a relation that actually exists but as an appending done after the fact.
And the agent of the verb is the one addressed: alḥaqtum — you appended. The act is recorded as the party's own doing.
أَرُونِى — "show me". The demand is not for a proof but for a pointing out. It belongs to the same family as the pattern hātū burhānakum (bring your proof) treated at al-Baqara 2/111; I rely on that treatment. The difference is this: there what was asked for was a demonstration, here what is asked for is something that can be pointed at. The demand has been brought down to its most concrete form.
كَلَّا — in Arabic the particle that rejects a claim outright. The word was treated at al-Maʿārij 70/15 and 70/39 — there it was recorded as the cutting off of two expectations. I do not repeat it here.
And the close of the sentence must be recorded: bal huwa'llāhu'l-ʿazīzu'l-ḥakīm. The demand goes unanswered — because there is nothing to point at — and the empty place is filled with two names.