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Ghāfir (al-Muʾmin) 40:29-33

The Qurʾān · Sūra 40: Ghāfir (al-Muʾmin) · verses 29-33

This commentary was written by Claude (Anthropic); it carries no religious authority and should be checked against the classical sources.

40/29-33

يَٰقَوْمِ لَكُمُ ٱلْمُلْكُ ٱلْيَوْمَ ظَٰهِرِينَ فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ فَمَن يَنصُرُنَا مِنۢ بَأْسِ ٱللَّهِ إِن جَآءَنَا قَالَ فِرْعَوْنُ مَآ أُرِيكُمْ إِلَّا مَآ أَرَىٰ وَمَآ أَهْدِيكُمْ إِلَّا سَبِيلَ ٱلرَّشَادِ

"'O my people! Today the dominion is yours, you have the upper hand in the land. But who will help us against God's might if it comes upon us?' Pharaoh said: 'I show you only what I myself see, and I guide you only to the path of right direction.'"

Two sentences, two separate claims

The believing man's sentence begins with an admission: lakumu'l-mulku'l-yawma ẓāhirīna fi'l-arḍ"today the dominion is yours, you have the upper hand." He does not object; he concedes it.

Then he asks: fa-man yanṣurunā min baʾsi'llāh"and after that?"

And the pronoun is worth recording: yanṣuru — "who will help us." He does not place himself outside. The address yā qawmi, which he has kept up since the twenty-eighth verse, passes here into the pronoun as well.

مَآ أُرِيكُمْ إِلَّا مَآ أَرَىٰ

Pharaoh's answer is made of two claims:

ClaimWhat it says
Mā urīkum illā mā arāI show you nothing but what I see
Wa mā ahdīkum illā sabīla'r-rashādI guide you only to the path of right direction

The second claim must be recorded, because the same construct will occur nine verses later in the mouth of the believing man: ittabiʿūnī ahdikum sabīla'r-rashād (38).

VerseWho says itExpression
29PharaohWa mā ahdīkum illā sabīla'r-rashād
38The believing manIttabiʿūnī ahdikum sabīla'r-rashād

The same construct, in two mouths. This is a repetition that can be verified within the sūra.

I record this as my own reading: both sides promise the same thing and use the same word. The difference does not lie in the wording of the claim. And the measure given in the thirty-fifth verse of the sūra works precisely here: bi-ghayri sulṭāninis there anything to stand on? The only thing offered as a ground in Pharaoh's sentence is his own view (mā arā).

وَيَٰقَوْمِ إِنِّىٓ أَخَافُ عَلَيْكُمْ يَوْمَ ٱلتَّنَادِyawmu't-tanād: "the day of calling to one another" — Form VI, reciprocity: calling out to each other.

It should be read together with yawmu't-talāq (the day of meeting) in the fifteenth verse. And the fourth block of the sūra (47-56) confirms this name: there they really will call out to one another.

And the subject of the believing man's fear is worth recording: akhāfu ʿalaykum — "I fear for you." In the twenty-sixth verse Pharaoh too had been afraid: innī akhāfu an yubaddila dīnakum — "I fear that he will change your religion." The same verb, two different anxieties.


The whole of Sūrat Ghāfir (al-Muʾmin)