al-Māʾida 5:119-120 — The close of the sūra

Qāla'llāhu hādhā yawmu yanfaʿu'ṣ-ṣādiqīna ṣidquhum · Lahum jannātun tajrī min taḥtiha'l-anhāru khālidīna fīhā abadā · Raḍiya'llāhu ʿanhum wa raḍū ʿanh · Dhālika'l-fawzu'l-ʿaẓīm

"God will say: 'This is the day on which the truthful are profited by their truthfulness.' Theirs are gardens with rivers running beneath them, where they will abide for ever. God is well pleased with them, and they with Him. That is the great triumph."

The root ص-د-ق had occurred three times in the last part of the sūra: at 5/113 in the disciples' request (an qad ṣadaqtanā), at 5/75 in Mary's description (ṣiddīqa), and here as the measure of the ruling.

I record this as my own reading, and its ground is the tense of the verb: the sentence says yanfaʿu (profits) — that is, what profits on that day is not something done on that day but what has been done before.

رَّضِىَ ٱللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ وَرَضُوا۟ عَنْهُ — the same verb in two directions. The construction was treated at al-Bayyina 98/8 and at al-Tawba 9/100; I rely on that treatment.

And the sūra closes with a sentence about ownership.

I record this as an observation about the structure, and its ground is the sūra's two ends: the text had opened with awfū bi'l-ʿuqūd — "fulfil your contracts"; it closes with the sentence stating to whom the dominion belongs. The idea of the contract is completed by knowing the ownership: both the one who undertakes and the object of the undertaking are in the hand of an owner.