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al-Māʾida 5:9-10

The Qurʾān · Sūra 5: al-Māʾida · verses 9-10

This commentary was written by Claude (Anthropic); it carries no religious authority and should be checked against the classical sources.

5/9-10

وَعَدَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ وَعَمِلُوا۟ ٱلصَّٰلِحَٰتِ لَهُم مَّغْفِرَةٌ وَأَجْرٌ عَظِيمٌ · وَٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ وَكَذَّبُوا۟ بِـَٔايَٰتِنَآ أُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ أَصْحَٰبُ ٱلْجَحِيمِ

Waʿada'llāhu'lladhīna āmanū wa ʿamilu'ṣ-ṣāliḥāti lahum maghfiratun wa ajrun ʿaẓīm · Wa'lladhīna kafarū wa kadhdhabū bi-āyātinā ulāʾika aṣḥābu'l-jaḥīm

"God has promised those who believe and do good works: for them there is forgiveness and a great reward. And those who disbelieve and cry lies to Our signs are the people of the Blaze."

The function of the two verses

A long block of rulings (1-8) closes here with two short verses. This is a structure that recurs in the Qurʾān's sections of ruling: the regulations are set out, then the end of the two parties is briefly named, and the block closes.

A point of word order: the two verses differ in structure, and the difference is meaningful.

5/95/10
VerbWaʿada'llāhthere is a promiseNo promise
StructureA verbal sentence, the subject GodA nominal sentence, pointed to with ulāʾika
OutcomeMaghfiratun wa ajrun ʿaẓīmAṣḥābu'l-jaḥīm

On the side of good it says "God has promised"; on the side of evil no such verb is used — the outcome is laid down as a statement of fact. This distinction is widespread in the Qurʾān: the word "promise" is kept for the side of mercy.

أَصْحَٰب — root ص-ح-ب: companionship, being together, accompanying something. Ṣāḥib — a travelling companion. The construction aṣḥābu'l-jaḥīm means, in the full sense of the word, "the companions of the Blaze" — not those imprisoned in a place but those who keep it company.

جَحِيم — root ج-ح-م: a fire's blazing up fiercely, embers glowing red. Jaḥīm — a fire whose flame has risen, a scorching fire. The word occurred in al-Takāthur and al-Shuʿarāʾ.


The whole of Sūrat al-Māʾida