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al-Ḥadīd 57:5

The Qurʾān · Sūra 57: al-Ḥadīd · verse 5

This commentary was written by Claude (Anthropic); it carries no religious authority and should be checked against the classical sources.

57/5

لَّهُۥ مُلْكُ ٱلسَّمَٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ ۚ وَإِلَى ٱللَّهِ تُرْجَعُ ٱلْأُمُورُ

Lahu mulku's-samāwāti wa'l-arḍ, wa ila'llāhi turjaʿu'l-umūr "To Him belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth. And to God all affairs are returned."

The repetition itself

The first sentence of this verse is a word-for-word repetition of the first sentence of the second verse. The same sentence three verses apart.

Repetitions of this kind in the Qurʾān are not random, and here the function is visible: in the second verse dominion was named together with life and death (yuḥyī wa yumīt); in the fifth verse dominion is named together with the returning of affairs.

That is, the same ruling is tied to two different consequences:

To whom dominion belongsIts consequence
57/2To GodHe gives life and death — that is, what is within the dominion is in His hand
57/5To GodAffairs return to Him — that is, what happens within the dominion arrives at Him

The first covers being, the second process. And the two verses in between (3 and 4) fill the space between them: time, visibility, movement, being-with.

The picture that emerges at the end of five verses is this: the dominion is His, the movement is within His knowledge, and the outcome returns to Him. The command that will come in the seventh verse — "spend of that in which He has made you successors" — can only be understood once these five verses have been set up.

تُرْجَعُ ٱلْأُمُورُ — "affairs are returned"

رجع — root ر-ج-ع: to return, to come back. From the same root come rujūʿ, marjiʿ (the place to which one returns), irtijāʿ. The innā ilayhi rājiʿūn of al-Baqara 2/156 — "to Him we are returning" — is from the same root.

The verb has come in the passive: turjaʿu — "are returned", not "return". This is a fine but important difference. Had it been active, it would have been understood that affairs return of themselves; the passive pattern implies that there is an agent who returns them.

أمور — the plural of amr. The word has two senses and both hold here: matter, affair and command, order. So it may be read "all affairs" or "all commands / decrees".

And there is again a fronting: ila'llāhi (to God) has come before the verb. The sense: not somewhere else, but to God.


Roots analysed in this section

ر-ج-ع

The whole of Sūrat al-Ḥadīd