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Āl ʿImrān 3:93-95

The Qurʾān · Sūra 3: Āl ʿImrān · verses 93-95

This commentary was written by Claude (Anthropic); it carries no religious authority and should be checked against the classical sources.

3/93-95

كُلُّ ٱلطَّعَامِ كَانَ حِلًّا لِّبَنِىٓ إِسْرَٰٓءِيلَ إِلَّا مَا حَرَّمَ إِسْرَٰٓءِيلُ عَلَىٰ نَفْسِهِۦ

Kullu'ṭ-ṭaʿāmi kāna ḥillan li-banī Isrāʾīla illā mā ḥarrama Isrāʾīlu ʿalā nafsihī min qabli an tunazzala't-Tawrāt, qul fa'tū bi't-Tawrāti fa'tlūhā in kuntum ṣādiqīn · Fa-mani'ftarā ʿala'llāhi'l-kadhiba min baʿdi dhālika fa-ulāʾika humu'ẓ-ẓālimūn · Qul ṣadaqa'llāh, fa'ttabiʿū millata Ibrāhīma ḥanīfā, wa mā kāna mina'l-mushrikīn

"Before the Torah was sent down, all food was lawful to the Children of Israel, except what Israel forbade to himself. Say: 'Bring the Torah and recite it, if you are truthful.' · Whoever invents a lie against God after this — those are the wrongdoers. · Say: 'God has spoken truly. So follow the way of Abraham, as a ḥanīf; and he was not of the mushrikūn.'"

The proof again built upon time

And this is the second application of the proof in verse 65, and it is in the same pattern:

VerseThe proofThe note of time
65Abraham lived before the two booksIllā min baʿdih
93The prohibition was laid down before the TorahMin qabli an tunazzala't-Tawrāt

Two verses, within the same block, applying the same reasoning to two different subjects: when a thing came into being limits the claim ascribed to it. This is a weave verifiable within the sūra.

فَأْتُوا۟ بِٱلتَّوْرَىٰةِ فَٱتْلُوهَآ — the form of the call

And the dispute is referred to a text: "bring it and recite it".

I record this as an observation and give it by way of the word order: the sentence uses the other side's book not by rejecting it but by calling for it. And this is consistent with the third verse of the sūra — there it was recorded that the Torah and the Gospel had been sent down.

And the note in kuntum ṣādiqīn: the offer of verification is left open to the other side.

Per the method (Method) I draw a boundary: what the particular prohibition the verse discusses was is transmitted in various forms in the classical sources. I do not go into the detail of those reports in this commentary and I make no preference, because the verse does not name the matter — it states only its time.

مِلَّة — root: م-ل-ل

The root م-ل-ل. The lexicographers explain milla as a way kept to, a manner followed; and they record the word's connection with dictationamlā: to dictate. That is, milla means a way dictated, a way laid out.

And it must be recorded that in the Qurʾān the word conveys not a community but a way. Millata Ibrāhīm — Abraham's way, not Abraham's people. The word was treated at 2/130-135 in al-Baqara; I rely on that treatment.

And the Turkish word millet comes from this root, but its sense has drifted: in Turkish it is the name of a community, in Arabic it is the name of a way. I record this as a note about language, and I draw no sense of "a people" from the verse.


The whole of Sūrat Āl ʿImrān